Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
出自-2009年考研翻译原文
This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.
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The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.
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Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.
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He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
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Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist.
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Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on \worthless\species.
出自-2010年考研翻译原文
” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.
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“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'.
出自-2010年考研阅读原文
Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.
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This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.
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The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.
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The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005.
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The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.
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The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.
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That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.
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In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.
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But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.
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Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.
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At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.
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With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
出自-2011年考研翻译原文
However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.
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The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree.
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The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.
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Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.
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Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.
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One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.
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Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.
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Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor.
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As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
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The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits ( ' , particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.
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The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.
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Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.
出自-2012年考研翻译原文
Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.
出自-2012年考研翻译原文
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.
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com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.
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Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public ( ' , including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
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The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.
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The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state.
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The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.
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One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.
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Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.
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Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.
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Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions.
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It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.
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In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.
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Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
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Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.
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When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.
出自-2013年考研翻译原文
There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
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Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.
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Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive.
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Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.
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Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.
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In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
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By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
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By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
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According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
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One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
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It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.
出自-2014年考研翻译原文
In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.
出自-2014年考研翻译原文
By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
出自-2014年考研翻译原文
Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions.
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Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
出自-2014年考研翻译原文
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ( ' , AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.
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Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
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There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.
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The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.
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Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.
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Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left- liberal propaganda.
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Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.
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Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.
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Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident.
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In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.
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In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.
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In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education”.
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But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
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But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.
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Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic- field recording, and metal detector.
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Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.
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This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
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You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.
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This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.
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They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse.
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Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.
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In plays,novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.
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How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar ( ' , 41) you begin to infer a context for the text, for insta4ce, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.
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Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
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Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.
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“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
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They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.
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The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
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The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.
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The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week ( ' , CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
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Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.
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Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.
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It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
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