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1 词典释义:
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时间: 2024-04-03 10:36:26
TEM4CET4
英 [baɪ]

prep.由;被;(图书等)由…创作,出自;靠;用;凭;通过…;凭借…;由于,出于(偶然或意外);就(本性、职业或出身)而言;根据,按照(法律或某种标准) ;(表示抓住身体某部位或握住物体某部分);在…旁边;靠近;从…旁边(过去);沿着;在(某处停留);在…时候;到…之前;不迟于;在(某时间段);以…计算;按…计 ;(乘或除)以 ;乘(表示长乘宽得出的居室等的面积);(表示增减的幅度);(表示事物的逐渐变化);(一个)接着(一个);(一个)又(一个);通过;经由;根据;按照;(尤用于发誓)以(神)的名义;

adv.在近旁;经过;过去;到别人家;(搁)开,在一边;

双语例句
  • The weeks crawled by.

    几个星期慢慢地过去了。

    《牛津词典》
  • 8 is divisible by 2 and 4, but not by 3.

    8可被2和4除尽,但不能被3除尽。

    《牛津词典》
  • The dance is accompanied by an original score by Henry Torgue.

    舞蹈由亨利·托尔格的一支原创配乐作搭配。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • The moral characters of men are formed not by heredity but by environment.

    人的品德不是由遗传而是由环境形成的。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • Fortunately, volunteers are not motivated by self-interest, but by altruism.

    幸运的是,志愿者们不是被自身利益而是被利他主义推动。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • Viewing is by appointment only.

    参观须预约。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • He's obsessed by computers.

    他迷上了电脑。

    《牛津词典》
  • They dined by candlelight.

    他们在烛光下进餐。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • Unemployment rose (by) 3%.

    失业人数增长了3%。

    《牛津词典》
  • It works by electricity.

    这是电动的。

    《牛津词典》
  • They sleep by day and hunt by night.

    他们白天睡觉,夜晚捕猎。

    《牛津词典》
  • It's quicker by train.

    坐火车比较快一些。

    《牛津词典》
  • He's German by birth.

    他是德国血统的。

    《牛津词典》
  • She lives by herself.

    她独自一人生活。

    《牛津词典》
  • Who's that book by?

    谁是那本书的作者?

    《牛津词典》
  • He's over by there.

    他在那儿。

    《牛津词典》
  • They met by chance.

    他们不期而遇。

    《牛津词典》
  • By and by she met an old man with a beard.

    她不久就碰到了一个大胡子老头。

    《牛津词典》
  • I live by myself.

    我自己一个人生活。

    《牛津词典》
  • He was a loner by nature and by inclination.

    他天性不喜交际,且自己也无意于此。

    《牛津词典》
  • We came by tube.

    我们乘地铁来的。

    《牛津词典》
  • Nocturnal animals sleep by day and hunt by night.

    夜间活动的动物白天睡觉晚上猎食。

    《牛津词典》
  • By the 1920s, he was lionized by literary New York.

    20世纪20年代前,他被纽约文学界所吹捧。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • By night, the perimeter wire was illumined by lights.

    夜晚,周遭的铁丝网都被灯光照亮。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • He was a printer by trade and naturalist by avocation.

    他在印刷厂工作,同时是个博物学爱好者。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • The Mafia is by no means ignored by Italian television.

    黑手党是意大利电视绝不会放过的关注对象。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • A cheque presented by Mr Jackson was returned by the bank.

    银行退回了杰克逊先生提交的支票。

    《牛津词典》
  • Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycles.

    观光最好要么乘游览巴士,要么骑自行车。

    《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
  • We will achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.

    我们通过说服会比使用暴力获得更多的成果。

    《牛津词典》
  • By popular demand , the tour has been extended by two weeks.

    应大家要求,这次旅游延长了两周。

    《牛津词典》
短语搭配
  • by oneself

    独自地,单独

  • by and large

    大体上,总的来说

  • by and by

    不久以后

近义词
prep. 通过;被;依据;经由;在附近;在……之前
adv. 通过;经过;附近;白俄罗斯
考纲分布

6年出现 2718

重要程度
  • 50%

    prep (表方式)凭借; 用

  • 38%

    prep 被; 由

  • 11%

    prep 不迟于; 在…之前

  • 0%

    phr (by oneself)独立; 独自

  • 0%

    prep/adv 经过

  • 0%

    prep 在...期间

  • 0%

    prep 由于

  • 0%

    prep 根据; 依

  • 0%

    phr (by the way)顺便说一声

考纲释义
  • prep. (表方式)凭借; 用

    真题例句:

    • Now people can pay by scanning(扫描)their faces while shopping.

      现在人们可以在购物时通过扫描脸来支付。

      [2020年 成都市A卷 单项选择]
    • Most waves are produced by winds.

      大多数波浪是由风产生的。

      [2020年 青岛市卷 阅读理解]
    • Last week, Jane went to London from China by plane.

      上周,简从中国乘飞机去了伦敦。

      [2018年 吉林省卷 阅读理解]
  • prep. 被; 由

    真题例句:

    • On the 10th floor, she was greeted by John, the old man who interviewed her several days ago.

      在10楼,她受到了约翰的迎接,就是几天前采访过她的那位老人。

      [2019年 哈尔滨市卷 阅读理解]
    • In 2014, she was accepted by Tianjin University and finally her dream came true.

      2014年,她被天津大学录取,终于梦想成真。

      [2018年 陕西省卷 阅读理解]
    • Cars and trucks controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs.

      人工智能控制汽车和卡车可能会让司机失业。

      [2018年 河北省卷 综合填空]
  • prep. 不迟于; 在…之前

    真题例句:

    • By age 17, he was known for his talent in music.

      17岁时,他就以音乐天赋而闻名。

      [2021年 黄石市卷 短文填空]
    • The number of 5G SEPs rose to more than 60,000 globally by the end of April 2019, the report said.

      报道称,截至2019年4月底,全球5G SEPs(标准关键专利)数量已增至6万多台。

      [2019年 绵阳市卷 词汇运用]
    • They're digging, cutting leaves and planting new seeds (种子),by summer, their gardens will be full of bright colours.

      他们挖土、剪叶、播种新种子,到了夏天,他们的花园将五彩缤纷。

      [2018年 安徽省卷 阅读理解]
  • phr. (by oneself)独立; 独自

    真题例句:

    • Nobody taught my grandpa how to use WeChat, so he learned it all by himself.

      没人教我爷爷怎么用微信,都是他自己学的。

      [2021年 贺州市卷 单词拼写]
    • She got a seat by herself.

      她自己找了个座位。

      [2021年 龙东地区卷 回答问题]
    • She printed the story by herself.

      她自己发表了这个故事。

      [2021年 泸州市卷 阅读理解]
  • prep/adv. 经过

    真题例句:

    • A group of zebras ran by.

      一群斑马跑过。

      [2021年 连云港市卷 完形填空]
    • As time went by, I began to change my earlier simple judgement (评价).

      随着时间的流逝,我开始改变我早先简单的判断。

      [2020年 黄冈市卷 阅读理解]
    • If people often stop by for a talk, you may need to move to a different place.

      如果人们经常过来聊天,你可能需要换个地方。

      [2020年 长沙市卷 阅读理解]
  • prep. 在...期间

    真题例句:

    • By mid-morning, four kids were sculpting (雕塑) the sand alongside him.

      到上午10点左右,四个孩子在他旁边雕塑沙子。

      [2020年 福建省卷 阅读理解]
    • More than 50 percent of young people suffer back pain by their teenage years.

      超过50%的年轻人在青少年时期就饱受背痛之苦。

      [2019年 连云港市卷 完形填空]
  • prep. 由于

    真题例句:

    • You might have neck and shoulder pain by doing that.

      这样做,你可能会感到脖子和肩膀疼痛。

      [2021年 黄石市卷 选句填空]
  • prep. 根据; 依

    真题例句:

    • By law, you can't work more than 35 hours each week during school holidays.

      根据法律规定,在学校放假期间,你每周的工作时间不能超过35小时。

      [2019年 呼和浩特市卷 阅读理解]
  • phr. (by the way)顺便说一声

    真题例句:

    • By the way, could you tell us where you heard about our company?

      顺便问一下,您能告诉我们您是从哪里听说我们公司的吗?

      [2021年 扬州市卷 单项选择]
必考短语
用法讲解
  • by+交通工具可以表示“乘...”,中间不能加冠词,如:by train; by bus; by bike等。注意:表示“步行”不能用by foot,要用on foot。

  • by用于被动结构时,既可以引出施动者,也可用来表示方式方法。示例:(1) I was bitten by the the dog.我被那只狗咬了。(2) May I pay by cheque?我能用支票付款吗?

考纲分布

12年出现 358

重要程度
  • 51%

    prep (表示方式)

  • 16%

    prep 被

  • 11%

    prep 靠近; 在…旁

  • 10%

    phr (by now)此刻已经

  • 5%

    phr (by the way)顺便说一下

  • 3%

    prep 在…之前; 不迟于

  • 1%

    phr (by design)有意的

  • 1%

    adv (close by)在附近

  • 1%

    phr (by far)目前为止

  • 1%

    adv (by this time)到现在

  • 0%

    prep/adv 经过

  • 0%

    prep 依; 按照; 用

  • 0%

    prep 乘; 用

  • 0%

    prep 经由

考纲释义
  • prep. (表示方式)

    真题例句:

    • In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people \corrected\ official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.

      例如,在前古典时期的希腊,人们通过向前或向后移动日期来“修正”官方日历,以反映季节的变化。

      [2021年 北京卷 阅读理解]
    • Recently, I took a trip home by train.

      最近,我乘火车回家旅行。

      [2021年 北京卷 完形填空]
    • If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.

      如果你想有时间和家人一起吃早餐,那就在前一天晚上准备好衣服、鞋子和包包。

      [2017年 全国卷3 阅读理解]
  • prep. 被

    真题例句:

    • Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.

      你的申请将被联合国教科文组织的管理人员访问,并将在我们的数据库中保存六个月。

      [2021年 北京卷 阅读理解]
    • Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes.

      艺术对人类生活至关重要,世界各国出于各种目的庆祝和使用艺术。

      [2021年 天津卷 阅读理解]
    • The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off .

      环境挑战是巨大的,但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎得到了回报。

      [2019年 全国卷1 完形填空]
  • prep. 靠近; 在…旁

    真题例句:

    • One afternoon when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

      我上小学的时候,有一天下午,我在学校操场边散步。

      [2019年 全国卷1 改错]
    • We could probably just walk by the lake, and I'll ask Mike to join us.

      我们也许可以在湖边散步,我会叫迈克一起去。

      [2018年 全国卷3 听力]
  • phr. (by now)此刻已经

    真题例句:

    • What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?

      到目前为止,已找到工作的学生求职者的百分比是多少?

      [2016年 全国卷1 听力]
    • The study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now.

      研究还显示,在毕业前找工作的人中,只有20%的人现在找到了工作。

      [2016年 全国卷3 听力]
  • phr. (by the way)顺便说一下

    真题例句:

    • By the way, do you also need me to drive you home tomorrow afternoon?

      顺便问一下,你明天下午还需要我开车送你回家吗?

      [2021年 新高考Ⅰ卷 听力]
    • By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?

      顺便问一下,你明天晚上去听音乐会吗?

      [2018年 全国卷1 听力]
  • prep. 在…之前; 不迟于

    真题例句:

    • I'll need to hear back from you by Wednesday.

      我需要在星期三之前得到你的答复。

      [2019年 全国卷2 听力]
    • By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.

      到去年,黄石公园的狼数量已经增长到170多只。

      [2017年 全国卷3 阅读理解]
  • phr. (by design)有意的

    真题例句:

    • That is by design.

      这是有意的。

      [2020年 浙江卷 阅读理解]
  • adv. (close by)在附近

    真题例句:

    • That's very kind of you, but they've already left for their grandma's.You know, Suzy lives close by.

      你真好,但他们已经去奶奶家了。你知道,Suzy就住在附近。

      [2021年 新高考II卷 听力]
  • phr. (by far)目前为止

    真题例句:

    • And Britain is by far the largest importer of tea in the world.

      到目前为止,英国是世界上最大的茶叶进口国。

      [2015年 全国卷1 听力]
  • adv. (by this time)到现在

    真题例句:

    • This is compared to half of students who had looked for a job by this time two years ago.

      相比之下,两年前的这个时候,有一半的学生已经找到了工作。

      [2016年 全国卷1 听力]
  • prep/adv. 经过

  • prep. 依; 按照; 用

  • prep. 乘; 用

  • prep. 经由

必考短语
用法讲解
  • by意思是just at the side of (就在…旁边),因此 sth. that is by you 要比 sth. that is near you表示的距离离你更近。

  • by和with都可用来表示某人如何做某事,by用于动作;with用于一件工具、东西等:He got what he wanted by talking very cleverly.他话说得很巧妙因而得到了他想要的东西。He got what he wanted with much money.他用很多钱得到了自己想要的。

真题例句
  • A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.

    2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.

    2016年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
  • A photography exhibition held by Han Media to celebrate its founding in New York city on April 24, featuring three emerging Chinese photographers; yingxi Michael Shi, Haiyin lin and liming Guan, whose works have appeared in publications such as Vogue.

    2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 信息匹配 原文
  • A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • A study found that a strong nifio in 1997-98 helped America's economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the midwest gained from extra rain.

    2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • A study of travelers conducted by the website tripadvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

    2015年高考英语全国卷1 语法填空 原文
  • A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comParison to total waste, the concentration of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in nature.

    2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by 2:00 pm.

    2015年高考英语安徽卷 阅读理解 阅读A 题设
  • A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third.

    2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • A tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local slow money group.

    2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • A week went by, a woman called to speak to Alice.

    2015年高考英语重庆卷 完形填空 A 原文
  • According to a new survey (调查) by the national sleep foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early.

    2017年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El nino's harmful effects.

    2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • According to the passage, the Adelmans set up \movers and Shakespeares\ to give advice on leadership by analysing Shakespeare's plays.

    2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 题设
  • Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades.

    2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking.

    2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi was deeply impressed by his music.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 题设
  • Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.

    2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are a desktop computer and loudspeakers.

    2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 题设
  • An educational program is best watched by a child with his parents.

    2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读C 题设
  • And Britain is by far the largest importer of tea in the world.

    2015年高考英语全国卷1 听力 原文
  • And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — lunch! the parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

    2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.

    2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that separate workstations.

    2015年高考英语上海卷 选词填空 原文
  • Another simple way of building some savings is by depositing as little as two percent of your monthly income into a savings account.

    2016年高考英语上海卷 听力 原文
  • Another trend is off-site or virtual management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.

    2016年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文
  • Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.

    2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项
  • Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.

    2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
  • As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030.

    2017年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文
  • As for the working environment, Tains prefers working by herself.

    2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读A 题设
  • As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no threat and didn't escape.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 完形填空 原文
  • As the months went by, I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk misty.

    2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.

    2015年高考英语重庆卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.

    2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
  • At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.

    2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.

    2019年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文
  • Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.

    2017年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 选项
  • Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms.

    2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • Better sewers make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.

    2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • Boldness can be gained little by little.

    2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项
  • Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文
  • Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was raised by human caretakers.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 完形填空 原文
  • Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.

    2016年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there.

    2015年高考英语天津卷 完形填空 原文
  • But he later said, \those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.\

    2017年高考英语浙江卷(6月) 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
  • But if the damage is caused by the user, you will have to pay for the repair.

    2015年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文
  • But it doesn't happen by accident.

    2016年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 七选五 原文
  • But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.

    2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.

    2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers.

    2017年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • But their interest soon wears off and by January those same toys can be found put away in the basement.

    2014年高考英语全国卷1 完形填空 原文
  • By 2000 the average age was 65.

    2017年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文
  • By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week, 40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime.

    2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.

    2018年高考英语江苏卷 单项填空 原文
  • By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.

    2018年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文
  • By comParison, the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8%of rest-time energy.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 任务型阅读 原文
  • By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.

    2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

    2015年高考英语浙江卷 单项填空 原文
  • By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on classes that they would have never needed to take.

    2015年高考英语湖南卷 阅读表达 原文
  • By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift (迁移).

    2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
  • By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.

    2018年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文
  • By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

    2014年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 七选五 原文
  • By January 26, Billy and three other children had died.

    2016年高考英语北京卷 完形填空 原文
  • By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.

    2017年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • By looking at us, listening to us, giving us a sense of dignity, papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.

    2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • By mentioning Muhammad Ali's words, the author intends to tell us that motivation allows great athletes to be on the top.

    2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 题设
  • By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that e-waste deserves to be made good use of.

    2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 题设
  • By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.

    2019年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 七选五 原文
  • By most measurements he was a happy man.

    2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读表达 原文
  • By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).

    2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.

    2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.

    2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • By paying attention to firms' data assets, antitrust regulators could avoid the size trap.

    2017年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 题设
  • By promising not to offend the receiver again.

    2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 选项
  • By rail: the nearest station is Cark-in-cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.

    2018年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
  • By society's standards, they seem to have it made.

    2015年高考英语浙江卷 完形填空 原文
  • By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry.

    2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文
  • By that time, the panda no longer needed its mother for food.

    2016年高考英语四川卷 语法填空 原文
  • By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.

    2017年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

    2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • By the end of the first chapter, requests were coming from the back seat: \Please read a little louder.\

    2016年高考英语四川卷 完形填空 原文
  • By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it right away.

    2018年高考英语浙江卷 完形填空 原文
  • By the time I was nine, I was dancing five days a week.

    2018年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文
  • By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.

    2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.

    2016年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读B 原文
  • By the time these \solutions\ become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.

    2019年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文
  • By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.

    2018年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?

    2018年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文
  • By the way, did you watch that special TV program last night?

    2015年高考英语湖南卷 听力 原文
  • By the way, do you know what time it is?

    2016年高考英语全国卷2 听力 原文
  • By the way, does your package need packing?

    2017年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文
  • By the way, how many books can I borrow at a time?

    2015年高考英语北京卷 听力 原文
  • By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends.

    2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
  • By tracking people's e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

    2016年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读D 原文
考纲分布

18年出现 474

重要程度
  • 79%

    prep 由; 被

  • 19%

    prep 凭借; 用; 通过

  • 1%

    prep [表增减幅度]相差...

  • 1%

    prep 出于; 由于

  • 0%

    prep 乘除

  • 0%

    phr (by no means)绝不

  • 0%

    prep 到...之前; 不迟于

考纲释义
  • prep. 由; 被

    真题例句:

    • Huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.

      巨额利润则由少数经营市场的大公司获得。

      [2020年 英语一 阅读理解A]
    • Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution's prohibition on unreasonable searches.

      公民仍然有权要求私人文件保持私密性,并受到宪法禁止不合理搜查的法令的保护。

      [2015年 英语一 阅读理解A]
    • I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable.

      我也不喜欢配额;它们与我对精英管理、能者居之的治理的理念背道而驰。

      [2013年 英语二 阅读理解A]
  • prep. 凭借; 用; 通过

    真题例句:

    • DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well.

      DeepMind必须首先承认双方的出发点都是好的。

      [2018年 英语一 阅读理解A]
    • This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed , leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

      这就是为什么改革立法的多次尝试都以失败告终,使得邮政服务除非推迟重要的现代化否则无法支付账单。

      [2018年 英语一 阅读理解A]
    • You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers.

      你可以通过只看实体书或单一用途的电子阅读器来减少分心。

      [2016年 英语二 阅读理解A]
  • prep. [表增减幅度]相差...

    真题例句:

    • The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012.

      在2012年之前,每周参加体育运动的成年人数量确实增加了近200万。

      [2017年 英语二 阅读理解A]
    • Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

      不需要额外培训的学生可以将他们的债务减少三分之一。

      [2014年 英语一 阅读理解A]
    • The number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

      自2000年以来,全球的社会科学学生人数每年增长约11%。

      [2013年 英语一 阅读理解B]
  • prep. 出于; 由于

  • prep. 乘除

    真题例句:

    • BMI equals body mass divided by the square of height.

      身体质量指数等于体重除以身高的平方。

      [2014年 英语二 完型填空]
  • phr. (by no means)绝不

    真题例句:

    • Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely — though by no means uniformly — glowingly positive.

      直到几十年前,我们对未来的愿景在很大程度上是乐观的,但绝不是一致的。

      [2013年 英语一 阅读理解A]
  • prep. 到...之前; 不迟于

    真题例句:

    • It's especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardi's pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling.

      它特别容易受到光的损害,到了20世纪90年代中期,吉拉蒂的南瓜、玫瑰和其他图案都开始开裂和破碎。

      [2022年 英语一 阅读理解A]
必考短语
用法讲解
  • by置于不带the的名词前,表示原因“由于……”权威例句:They met by chance.他们不期而遇。

  • 表示凭借、乘坐某种交通工具时,用by+交通工具,交通工具前不加冠词,在句中作方式状语

  • 表达通过做某事”要用by doing sth.来表示方式、方法、手段等,在句中做方式状语。而对by引导的介词短语作方式状语, 提问时用how。

  • by和take、hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分权威例句:She took Gill by the hand.她拉起吉尔的手。

  • by放在反身代词前,译为“独自;独立(完成某事)”例:I'm going to London by myself next week.我准备下星期一个人去伦敦。

真题例句
  • Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.

    出自-2009年考研翻译原文
  • This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist.

    出自-2009年考研阅读原文
  • Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on \worthless\species.

    出自-2010年考研翻译原文
  • ” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are'.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

    出自-2010年考研阅读原文
  • With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.

    出自-2011年考研翻译原文
  • However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.

    出自-2011年考研翻译原文
  • The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

    出自-2011年考研阅读原文
  • The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits ( ' , particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

    出自-2012年考研翻译原文
  • The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.

    出自-2012年考研翻译原文
  • Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.

    出自-2012年考研翻译原文
  • Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.

    出自-2012年考研翻译原文
  • Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.

    出自-2012年考研翻译原文
  • com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public ( ' , including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.

    出自-2012年考研阅读原文
  • When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.

    出自-2013年考研翻译原文
  • There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

    出自-2013年考研翻译原文
  • Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment.

    出自-2013年考研翻译原文
  • Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文
  • Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文
  • Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文
  • In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文
  • By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文
  • By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文
  • According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

    出自-2013年考研阅读原文
  • One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

    出自-2014年考研翻译原文
  • It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.

    出自-2014年考研翻译原文
  • In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.

    出自-2014年考研翻译原文
  • By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

    出自-2014年考研翻译原文
  • Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions.

    出自-2014年考研翻译原文
  • Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

    出自-2014年考研翻译原文
  • “The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ( ' , AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left- liberal propaganda.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education”.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic- field recording, and metal detector.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.

    出自-2014年考研阅读原文
  • This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

    出自-2015年考研翻译原文
  • You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • In plays,novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar ( ' , 41) you begin to infer a context for the text, for insta4ce, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.

    出自-2015年考研阅读原文
  • “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文
  • They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文
  • The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文
  • The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文
  • The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week ( ' , CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文
  • Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文
  • Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文
  • It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

    出自-2016年考研阅读原文