Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields—which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost—are depleted.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are least costly to implement will happen first.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future international agreement on carbon prices.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of using carbon.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
In order to maximize global welfare, every country's carbon pricing should reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the damage to foreign countries.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand ( ' , especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price, low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true social profitability of clean energy.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and application of cleaner technologyIf fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to higher emissions of greenhouse gases.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay low for long.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Economic reasoning shows that the least expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases without regard to the collateral ( ' , 附带的) costs.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which burns half of the world's coal.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing technologies and the development of new ones.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
A tax on upstream carbon sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
A commonly held view in the oil industry is that the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices.
出自-2017年6月阅读原文
With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.
出自-2016年6月阅读原文
The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid.
出自-2016年6月阅读原文
Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.
出自-2016年6月阅读原文
Contrary to analysts' doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.
出自-2016年6月阅读原文
And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.
出自-2016年6月阅读原文
Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.
出自-2015年12月阅读原文
Just half a dozen holiday-makers have reached orbit since then, for similarly astronomical price tags.
出自-2015年12月阅读原文
Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.
出自-2015年12月阅读原文
5 million worth of young Bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price.
2019年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.
2015年12月六级真题(第二套)听力 Section A
Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy's, Target; and Nordstrom's dropped.
2019年6月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section B
Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins.
2019年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed.
2019年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmo
2017年6月六级真题(第一套)阅读 Section B
given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.
2015年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.
2016年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section A
Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk.
2019年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.
2019年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer's milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter fat and other solids.
2019年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
Price, for one, is an issue.
2019年12月六级真题(第三套)阅读 Section B
Reducing waste by incorporating med materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement: less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.
2019年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B
Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.
2018年12月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C
That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window.
2017年12月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section A
This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past.
2019年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B
This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals.
2019年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B
We do offer price adjustments within seven days of purchase to ensure our customer satisfaction.
2017年12月六级真题(第一套)听力 Section A