There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young.
出自-2009年考研翻译原文
The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.
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Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.
出自-2009年考研翻译原文
Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
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It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
出自-2009年考研翻译原文
In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training.
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In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.
出自-2009年考研翻译原文
Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
出自-2009年考研翻译原文
sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words:.
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factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.
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While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views less fully intellectualized.
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When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.
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What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it.
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We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.
出自-2009年考研阅读原文
The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.
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The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.
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The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
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The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England.
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The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.
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The U.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.economic performance.
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The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
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So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.
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Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally ( ' , or collaboratively) and innovatively.
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Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
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Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.
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Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society.
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Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.
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Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.
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Morgan helped found modem anthropology--the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefsthus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists.
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Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity.
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In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
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In facts, the more new things we try- the more we step outside our comfort zone - the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
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In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.
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He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
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For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.
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Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.
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But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
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Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.
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Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.
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An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
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Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put for adoption.
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All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit ( ' , PTK) at his local drugstore - and another $120 to get the results.
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According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.
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Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
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When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.
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To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
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The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.
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It is only in recent years that we hear It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit ,real or fancied ,to itself.
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A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.
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” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.
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wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.
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Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
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Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.
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Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not.
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We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper review published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
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To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.
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They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.
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These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.
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These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement.
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Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted to know what they were about.
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Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair.
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The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.
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The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.
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The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005.
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The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.
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The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests.
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Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants and cafes.
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Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters.
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Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.
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Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.
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Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
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New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.
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Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion aboard.
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Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
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Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.
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Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern reader shave little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.
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In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.
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However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers ( ' , and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.
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For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales.
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During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiographybecame a best-seller.
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Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined— France, Germany, Italy and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks.
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Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home.
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Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.
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Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.
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But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.
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Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.
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At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.
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And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.
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And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.
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All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.
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With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
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This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
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There is no gap between mind and matter.
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Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.
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In fat, circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.
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If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.
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