The effect was first studied by etienne malus in 1808.

这个效应是马吕在1808年开始研究的。

Then, we have carried on the design to the Bonus-Malus System.

接下来，我们对奖惩系统进行了设计。

As an example, Malus law is proved experimentally with this instrument and its double bcams system.

作为实例，用本仪器搭置了双光路系统，验证了马吕斯定律。

The position of this district in the genetic centre of malus in Chuan—Dian palaeoland is discussed.

本文还对这一分布区在“川滇古陆”野生苹果属植物的大基因中心的地位问题作了讨论。

Under the optical microscope, the leaf epidermis micro-states of Begonia species of the Malus had been studied.

在光学显微镜下对蔷薇科苹果属内观赏海棠种和品种的叶表皮微形态进行了观察。

The regeneration system in this paper was established by culturing stems with newborn buds from Malus Hongying .

以当年新生枝条为外植体建立了红缨海棠的再生体系。

Almost all insurance countries in the world are using Bonus-Malus System (BMS in short) in automobile insurance.

在汽车保险中，世界上绝大多数的保险公司都使用了奖惩系统或无赔款优待系统。

In this chapter, we have studied Markovian of the Bonus-Malus System and have carried on the stable state analysis.

在这章中，我们研究了奖惩系统的马尔科夫性并进行了稳态分析。

The prospect about the genetic improvement and exploitation of Malus transitoria as an indigenous species was discussed.

探讨了花叶海棠的遗传改良策略和资源利用途径。

This paper reports the effect of drought on growth, physiological and phytochemical of 6 species of genus Malus seedlings.

研究了干旱对6种苹果砧木生长和生理生化过程的影响。

This paper summarizes the hazard, regularity and control technology of the rust disease of Malus micromalus tree in Hequ County.

就河曲县近年来海红果树锈病发生的危害、规律及防治技术进行了综述。

In the northwest of Guizhou, there are 10 wild malus species with large pouplation and dense distribution, which is rare in China.

贵州西北部野生苹果属植物种类最多，共10种，分布量大，是我国少有的野生多种类密集分布区。

Mr Sarkozy dubbed a new scheme, under which traders may forgo bonuses depending on Banks' overall performance, a bonus-malus system.

萨科齐先生提出了一项包含减薪机制的新方案，在此方案下，交易员可能因为银行的整体表现而失去奖金。

In 1808, Malus discovered the polarized phenomenon of light. From then on, polarization optics became a important subject of optics.

1808年马吕斯发现了光的偏振现象，从此偏振光学成为光学学科的一个重要分支。

Any of several deciduous trees of the genus Malus, native to North America and Eurasia and having clusters of white, pink, or reddish flowers.

任一种苹果属的落叶树木，原产于北美洲和亚欧大陆，开有白色、粉红色的或红色花簇。

The originally complicated situation in taxonomy of an agamic complex becomes even more complicated after the publication of additional new species (Malus).

有些学者甚至把发表新种作为其分类工作的主要目标。

Malus hupehensis is natural triploid, due to its special materials, its explants is more difficult to regenerate adventitious buds than other plants of Malus.

平邑甜茶’为天然三倍体，由于材料的特殊性，其外植体比苹果属其他植物再生不定芽要困难。

It is found that the variation of the transmitted intensity with the rotation Angle deviates from Malus law, exhibiting a cyclic fluctuation with the rotation Angle.

实验中发现，透射光强曲线随着入射角的微小变化而偏离马吕斯定律，出现了周期性扰动。

The expected value principle to compute the pure premium, introducing risk factors into the bonus-malus system to calculate the posteriori premium of varied policy-holders.

用期望值原理构造推算纯保费，将年龄与性别作为风险因素引入最优奖惩系统，并推算不同类别保单组合的后验保费。

The tomato iron transporter gene (LeIRT2) was introduced to Malus robusta Rehd. via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to produce iron-deficiency tolerant apple rootstock.

用农杆菌介导法，成功地将番茄铁转运蛋白基因导入了苹果砧木八棱海棠。

Based on characteristics of optical polarizing, Malus law, and Faraday optical rotation, a long-range displacement detector is realized by same light source and double light route.

基于光的偏振特性、马吕斯定理和法拉第旋光效应，采用同光源双光路检测，实现了大量程直线位移的测量。

The experiment conducted with Red Fuji apple( Malus domistica Borkh)showed that the girdling resulted in a decrease of sucrose, fructose and glucose contents and induced an amylase activation.

用红富士苹果进行的研究表明，环剥处理使幼果内蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量降低，淀粉酶活性升高。

The physio-biochemical changes in respiration rate, ethylene production, polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and enzymatic browning of fresh-cut apple(Malus pumila Mill) induced by wounding were investigated.

以鲜切苹果为实验材料，研究了切割伤害诱导呼吸强度、乙烯生成量、酶活性以及酶促褐变的发生及其生理生化变化。