The Ottoman empire was a Sunni state.

奥斯曼帝国是逊尼派国家。

In 1916, the Russian Black Sea fleet helped the Russian army to take the Ottoman city of Trebizond.

1916年，俄国黑海舰队帮助俄国军队占领了奥斯曼帝国的特雷比松。

The Turks are busy restoring Ottoman monuments.

土耳其人们正忙着重建奥斯曼纪念碑。

Under the Ottoman Empire, Tunisia was known as "Regency of Tunis".

突尼斯在很长一段时间内受到奥斯曼帝国统治(这一时期被称为突尼斯摄政时期)。

In the 14th century the region was conquered by the Ottoman Empire.

世纪，奥托曼帝国控制了整个区域。

THROUGH the long Ottoman era, Turks and Russians fought many bloody wars.

在奥斯曼帝国的漫长历史上，土耳其与俄罗斯多次交手，战况惨烈。

Such a leader could decouple relations with Armenia from Ottoman history.

这样的领导能与奥斯曼历史中的亚美尼亚脱离关系。

The principality became tributary to the Ottoman Empire during 16th century.

这个公国在16世纪成为了奥斯曼帝国的附属国。

Shea sits near the window, his feet up on an Ottoman, and begins to read.

谢伊坐在窗边，大腿搁在矮板凳上，开始了阅读之旅。

So what leverage does Turkey actually have over its erstwhile Ottoman dominion?

因此，土耳其真正对它昔日奥斯曼帝国的领地拥有什么样的影响呢？

In fact Egypt, Libya, Algeria and Sudan were all once part of the Ottoman empire.

事实上，埃及、利比亚、阿尔及利亚和苏丹都曾是奥斯曼帝国的一部分。

Well, eventually the Ottoman Turks attacked Constantinople, it eventually fell.

最后，君士坦丁堡被土耳其攻占最终沦陷了。

There is also a sword engraved with Suleiman’s name and various pieces of Ottoman armour.

一把刻着苏莱曼名字的长剑； 以及各种各样奥斯曼帝国的武器。

The concert failed when greed for Ottoman spoils prevailed over the ideal of co-operation.

当对奥斯曼战利品的贪婪超过合作理念的时候，同盟便失败了。

In 1683, Vienna (the capital of Austria) was under siege by over a hundred thousand Ottoman Turks.

1683年，维也纳(奥地利的首都)被一万多名奥斯曼土耳其人围困。

In Ottoman times the Armenians, Greeks and Jews were responsible for most of the country's commerce.

在奥斯曼帝国时代，亚美尼亚人，希腊人和犹太人包揽了整个国家大部分的商业活动。

But a hundred years on, the durability of that post-Ottoman state system should not be taken for granted.

不过在一百年之后，后奥斯曼国家体系的耐久性却成为问题。

The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 was a pivotal reason for European exploration.

对于欧洲各国的探险来说，公元1453年土耳其攻陷君士坦丁堡是个关键时期。

It was annexed by Russia in 1812, together with Ottoman Bessarabia or Bugeac, and was called Bessarabia.

1812年，它和土耳其比萨拉比亚或Bugeac都被俄国吞并，被叫做比萨拉比亚。

This dates not from some carve-up in the last century, but from 1699 when Bosnia was part of the Ottoman Empire.

它起源于1699年波斯尼亚还是奥斯曼帝国时期，而非上世纪的地界划分。

Nine out of ten Circassians now live in diaspora: survivors fled to all corners of the Ottoman empire and beyond.

10个切尔克斯人中有九个现在居住在海外犹太人聚居区，那些幸存者流亡到土耳其帝国及以外的各个角落。

He keys in four digits and passes it my way: 1878. The year the Bulgarians were finally liberated from Ottoman rule.

他在手机上键入四个数字然后递给我：1878，那一年保加利亚人终于从奥特曼统治下解放出来。

Neither Arabs nor Turks much like glib talk about the Turkish model, not least because of the Ottoman imperial past.

由于过去土耳其帝国的原因，阿拉伯人和土耳其人都不愿意对土耳其模式夸夸其谈。

It largely ignored the rest of its region, which includes most of the countries that were once part of the Ottoman empire.

在很大程度上土耳其忽视了该地区的其他国家，其中大多数曾是奥斯曼帝国的一部分。

France was initially kept out but by 1818 it had won a place; the other excluded player was the waning Ottoman empire.

法国最初被阻挡在外，但到1818年它就获得了一个位置；另一个被排斥的角色是日薄西山的奥斯曼帝国。

There's also an effort to streamline the legal system-a quilt of Ottoman, Jordanian, Israeli and British mandate laws.

这同样是使土耳其人、约旦人、以色列人和英国人创制的法律系统合理化的一种努力。

As in so many shrines in the Ottoman world, women of both faiths leave scribbled supplications for a successful conception.

以致在奥斯曼世界如此众多的神祠中，两种信仰的妇女为一个成功的观念留下了急就的祈求辞。

Bushy mustaches had been synonymous with manhood in Iraqsince the 16th century, a remnant of Ottoman rule in Mesopotamia.

自16世纪在土耳其民族统治的美索不达米亚地区残存的伊拉克，浓密的胡子早已被视为男子气概的体现。