Many biological processes are controlled by hormones.

许多生物变化过程都是由激素控制的。

In other words, there is a hierarchy of hormones.

换句话说，荷尔蒙是有层次的。

Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

男性荷尔蒙有助于增强身体对压力的抵抗力。

First, it produces stress hormones that can lead to many health problems.

首先，它产生的应激激素会导致许多健康问题。

Chronically high levels of these hormones have been linked to heart disease.

这些激素长期保持高水平与心脏病有关。

In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function.

短时间内这些激素会产生积极的影响，包括改善记忆功能。

Exercise releases hormones that can improve mood and relieve stress, which can also help learning.

锻炼能释放可以改善情绪和缓解压力的荷尔蒙，这也有助于学习。

For example, hormones from the hypothalamus in the brain stimulate the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

例如，来自大脑下丘脑的激素会刺激垂体前叶。

The pleiotropy of the five well-studied plant hormones is somewhat analogous to that of certain hormones in animals.

这五种已得到充分研究的植物激素的多效性在某种程度上类似于动物中某些激素的多效性。

Seeman found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep.

塞曼发现，情绪上感到孤独的老年人即使在睡觉时也会保持较高的应激激素水平。

This is accomplished by a complex system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory molecules.

这是通过一个复杂的化学信使系统来完成的，在植物中包括激素和其他调节分子。

When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease immune function.

当人们睡眠不足时，他们体内的应激激素水平会升高，造成免疫功能下降。

The prairie vole has the needed receptors in its brain for these hormones in the regions responsible for reward and reinforcement.

在草原田鼠的大脑中，负责奖励和强化的区域有这些荷尔蒙的受体。

Located near the base of the neck, the thyroid is a large endocrine gland that produces hormones that help control growth and metabolism.

甲状腺位于颈部的底部附近，是一个很大的内分泌腺体，它产生激素，协助控制生长和新陈代谢。

The thin-skin muskmelon inbred lines were used to study the effects of explants, seedling age, and hormones on plant in vitro regeneration.

以甜瓜薄皮自交系为材料，研究了外植体、苗龄、激素等因素对甜瓜离体再生的影响。

The continual speeding up of bodily reactions and the production of stress-related hormones seem to make people more susceptible to heart disease.

持续加速的身体反应和产生与压力有关的荷尔蒙，似乎使人更容易患心脏病。

Instead, declining grades only predicted worse stress hormones among students who believed that worsening grades were a permanent and hopeless state of affairs.

相反，对于那些认为成绩下降是一种永久的、无法挽回的状态的学生来说，成绩的下降只会预兆着他们应激激素的上升。

In laboratory simulations of challenging activities such as driving, those who felt in control of their lives pumped out lower levels of stress hormones such as cortisol.

在实验室的挑战性活动（比如驾车）的模拟中，那些觉得生活在自己的掌控之中的人产生的应激激素（比如皮质醇）更少。

Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic rather than specific; that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and development of plants.

与氨基寡糖素不同，这五种众所周知的植物激素是多效性的，而不是特异性的；也就是说，每一种对植物的生长发育都有不止一种作用。

There are indications that pleiotropic plant hormones may actually function by activating the enzymes that release these other, more specific chemical messengers from the cell wall.

有迹象表明，多效性植物激素实际上可能通过激活酶来发挥作用，这些酶从细胞壁释放出这些更为特殊的化学信使。

Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify our moods and our actions, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior.

微量的一些激素可以改变我们的情绪和行为，我们的饮食倾向，我们的侵略性或顺从性，以及我们的繁衍和作为父母角色的行为。

"When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies which can decrease immune function," says Doctor Felice of Northwestern University in Chicago.

芝加哥西北大学的费利斯博士说：“当人们睡眠不足时，他们体内的应激激素水平会升高，这会降低免疫功能。”

"When people are sleep deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease immune function." says Doctor Felice of Northwestern University in Chicago.

芝加哥西北大学的费利斯博士说：“当人们睡眠不足时，他们体内的压力荷尔蒙水平会升高，这会降低免疫功能。”

"When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease immune function," says Dr. Phyllis Zee of Northwestern University in Chicago.

芝加哥西北大学的博士费利斯·徐说：“当人们睡眠不足时，他们体内的应激激素水平会升高，这会降低免疫功能。”

The brain cells containing these mRNA's can then be isolated and their mRNA's decoded to determine just what their protein products are and how closely the products resemble the true peptide hormones.

然后，含有这些信使核糖核苷酸的脑细胞就可以被分离开来，研究者可对其信使核糖核苷酸进行解码，以确定它们的蛋白质产物究竟是什么，并确定这些蛋白质产物在何种程度上类似于真正的肽激素。

In short bursts, these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function.

短时间内这些激素会产生积极的影响，其中包括改善记忆功能。

For the first 21 days after menstruation, estrogen hormones create a feeling of well-being and give generally happy feelings.

大多数绝经前的女性在月经之后的21天里，体内的雌激素会产生一种健康幸福感。

All of these hormones can be overcome and managed if one puts one's mind to it.

所有这些荷尔蒙都是可以克服和管理的，只要你用心去做。

Cyclic changes in hormones.

激素周期变化。

Hormones also play a part.

激素也占有一席之地。