Patents provide exclusive use of inventions.

专利提供发明的专有使用权。

Monsanto argues that its patents extend to later generations.

孟山都公司认为它的专利延伸到了后代。

Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.

去年，一个联邦特别工作组敦促对基因检测相关的专利进行改革。

The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

三种常见的法律保护类型是专利、版权和商标。

Patents are meant to protect the chances of inventors to make money from their creations.

专利权的设立是为了保障专利发明人能从自己的发明创造中赚钱。

Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented.

几十年来，许多公司都获得了分离 DNA 的专利——到2005年，大约20%的人类基因都已获取专利。

Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots," explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.

BIO 的律师 Hans Sauer 解释道，公司渴望获得专利，以便“归纳推理得出结论”。

Instead, semiconductor firms simply squeezed more patents out of existing research and development expenditures.

相反，半导体公司只是从现有的研发支出中榨取更多的专利。

The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.

生物技术产业组织（BIO）最近召开了一个会议，其中部分议程就不断变化的专利领域向律师们提供了培训。

For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.

例如，目前还不清楚整个基因组的排序是否侵犯了其中单个基因组的专利权。

He insists that firms must use their patents or lose them, "You can't just sit on your ass and give everyone the finger."

他坚称，公司必须使用他们的专利，否则将会失去他们：“你不能只自己坐下然后对别人指手画脚。”

Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain.

公司不太可能再为人类 DNA申请更多的专利——大多数要么已经被其他公司申请了专利，要么处于公共领域。

This case gives the court an opportunity to rein in the growing use of patents to protect genetically engineered crops and other life forms.

这个案件给了法院一个机会来控制专利的使用，以保护基因工程作物和其他的生命形式。

These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of Ph.D. graduates, science citations, patents and license income.

这些大学也是生产最多博士毕业生、科学引文、专利和许可证收入的机构。

Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.

后来，知名公司竞相在自己的文件中加入这类专利，哪怕只是作为一种防御措施，以应对可能会抢先一步的竞争对手。

This is all the more so since these discussions almost inevitably turn to questions of prices, patents, intellectual property protection, and competition.

由于这些讨论几乎不可避免地涉及到价格、专利、知识产权保护和竞争等问题，这就更加突出了。

Patents were filed more for strategic purposes, to be used as bargaining chips to ward off infringement suites or as a means to block competitors' products.

专利申请更多的是出于战略目的，被用作抵御侵权案件的讨价还价筹码，或者作为阻止竞争对手产品发展的手段。

A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.

一家联邦上诉法院推翻了先前的裁决，裁定米利亚德基因公司确实可以拥有两种基因的专利，这两种基因可以帮助预测女性患乳腺癌的风险。

He held a number of patents for his many innovations.

他为他的许多革新申请了几项专利。

Lemelson holds patents on machine-vision systems, an industrial robot, a fax machine, a copy machine, a tape-recorder drive, and a camcorder.

莱默逊有机器视觉系统、一个工业机器人、一台传真机、一台复印机、一台磁带记录器驱动器以及一台便携式摄像机的专利。

Bowman's supporters argue that Monsanto is trying to expand the scope of patents in ways that would enrich big corporations and hurt small farmers.

鲍曼的支持者认为，孟山都正试图扩大专利的范围，其方式将使大公司受益而损害小农场主的利益。

Culligan is the only water treatment equipments company who owns more than 200 patents globally.

康丽根是全球唯一一家拥有200多项专利技术的水处理产品商家。

Minus the patents, of course.

当然，专利还得攥在自己手中。

The classic example is patents.

专利机制就是一个典型例子。

Henry Ford loathed patents.

亨利·福特厌恶专利。

And so we have hundreds of patents.

所以我们有几百个专利。

THIS deal is all about patents.

这笔交易归根结蒂就是谋求专利。

A scramble for patents had already begun.

对专利权的争夺已经开始了。